A nurse is assessing an infant following a motor vehicle crash. Which of the following findings should the nurse monitor to identify increased intracranial pressure?
Explanation & Rationale
Choice A reason: Tachycardia is not a primary sign of increased intracranial pressure in infants. It may occur in shock or pain but is less specific than neurological changes like lethargy. Increased intracranial pressure typically causes bradycardia due to brainstem compression, making this incorrect. Choice B reason: Increased sleeping, or lethargy, indicates increased intracranial pressure in infants, as pressure on brain structures impairs arousal. This neurological symptom reflects cerebral edema or hematoma, reducing consciousness, a critical sign requiring urgent evaluation to prevent brain herniation. Choice C reason: Depressed fontanels suggest dehydration, not increased intracranial pressure, which causes bulging fontanels in infants due to cerebrospinal fluid or blood accumulation. This finding is opposite to the expected presentation, making it incorrect for monitoring intracranial pressure. Choice D reason: Brisk pupillary reaction is normal, not indicative of increased intracranial pressure. Sluggish or fixed pupils suggest pressure on cranial nerves, impairing light response. Brisk reactions indicate intact neurological function, making this an incorrect finding for increased intracranial pressure.