A nurse is assisting in the care for a client who is exhibiting a depressed mood one week before the start of their menstrual cycle. When collecting data, the nurse should identify that the client is exhibiting manifestations consistent with which of the following disorders?

A. Cyclothymic disorder: Cyclothymic disorder involves chronic mood instability with alternating hypomanic and depressive symptoms for at least two years. These mood fluctuations occur independently of the menstrual cycle and do not meet the criteria for major mood episodes. B. Postpartum depression: Postpartum depression occurs within weeks to months after childbirth and presents with persistent sadness, fatigue, and emotional distress. It is unrelated to the menstrual cycle and requires medical treatment such as therapy and antidepressants. C. Premenstrual dysphoric disorder: Premenstrual dysphoric disorder is marked by mood disturbances, including depressed mood, irritability, and anxiety, occurring in the luteal phase before menstruation. Symptoms resolve after menstruation begins, and treatment may include SSRIs, hormonal therapy, or lifestyle modifications. D. Bipolar disorder: Bipolar disorder involves episodes of mania and depression that are unrelated to hormonal changes in the menstrual cycle. Manic episodes present with impulsivity and grandiosity, while depressive episodes cause low energy and anhedonia, requiring mood stabilizers.