A nurse is assisting with teaching a group of newly licensed nurses about medication administration. The nurse should include that which of the following medications is administered using the Z-track method?

A. Iron dextran: Iron dextran is irritating to subcutaneous tissue and can stain the skin, so the Z-track method is used to seal the medication deep in the muscle. This technique creates a zigzag path that prevents leakage back through the needle track. Using this method reduces pain and minimizes skin discoloration. B. Vitamin B12: Vitamin B12 is typically given as a standard IM injection because it does not cause tissue staining or significant irritation. It is well tolerated without the need for special injection techniques. C. Epoetin alfa: Epoetin alfa is administered subcutaneously or intravenously, not intramuscularly, so the Z-track method does not apply. Its purpose is to stimulate erythropoiesis, and the injection sites used do not require a sealing technique. D. Folic acid: Folic acid is generally taken orally unless severe deficiency requires parenteral supplementation, which is usually given IV or deep subcutaneous. It does not irritate tissues or cause staining, so a Z-track technique offers no added benefit.