A nurse is caring for a client following an open colectomy. Which of the following findings places the client at risk for delayed wound healing?

Choice A reason: An INR of 1.1 is within the normal range and does not increase risk for delayed wound healing. Coagulation status is stable. Choice B reason: Hyperemesis may cause fluid and electrolyte imbalance but is not a direct risk factor for delayed wound healing. It requires management but does not impair tissue repair directly. Choice C reason: An HbA1c of 5–6% is within normal limits, indicating good glycemic control. Poor glycemic control would impair wound healing, but this value does not. Choice D reason: Uncontrolled pain increases stress response, elevates cortisol levels, and impairs immune function. It can reduce mobility and oxygenation, both of which are critical for wound healing. Therefore, uncontrolled pain is a significant risk factor for delayed recovery.