A nurse is caring for a client in the medical-surgical unit. Which of the following actions should the nurse take to decrease the risks for urinary tract infection for this client? Select all that apply.

Rationale: A. Encourage the client to drink 3000 mL of fluid daily: This is contraindicated because the client has heart failure with signs of fluid volume excess (crackles and 3+ pitting edema). Increasing fluid intake could worsen fluid overload. B. Review the need for the indwelling urinary catheter daily: Daily assessment of catheter necessity allows for timely removal when it is no longer needed, which significantly decreases the risk of catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs). C. Empty the drainage bag when it is half-full: Keeping the drainage bag from becoming overfilled prevents urine backflow into the bladder, which can introduce bacteria and increase infection risk. Regular emptying is a key preventive measure. D. Use soap and water to provide perineal care: Proper perineal hygiene with mild soap and water helps remove bacteria and maintain skin integrity, reducing the risk of urinary tract infection, especially in incontinent clients. E. Place the drainage bag on the bed when transporting the client: The drainage bag should always remain below the level of the bladder and off the bed to prevent backflow of urine, which can introduce bacteria and increase infection risk. F. Change the indwelling urinary catheter tubing every 3 days: Routine scheduled tubing changes are not recommended, as unnecessary manipulation of the system can increase infection risk. Tubing should only be changed when clinically indicated (e.g., contamination, obstruction).