A nurse is caring for a client newly diagnosed with ovarian cancer. Which of the following reactions from the client should the nurse initially expect?
Explanation & Rationale
A. Denial: Denial is a common initial reaction after a new cancer diagnosis. Clients may have difficulty accepting the reality of the situation, minimize the seriousness of the illness, or believe that the diagnosis is incorrect as a psychological coping mechanism. B. Acceptance: Acceptance generally occurs later in the adjustment process, after the client has had time to process emotions and understand treatment options. It is not typically the first reaction immediately following diagnosis. C. Anger: Anger may arise as the client progresses through the stages of grief, but it usually follows initial denial or shock. Early in the diagnosis, clients are more likely to be in denial rather than openly angry. D. Bargaining: Bargaining involves attempts to negotiate or make deals to alter the outcome of the illness, often appearing after denial and anger. It is part of the later stages of emotional adjustment, not the immediate response.