A nurse is caring for a client receiving hemodialysis. A nurse is caring for a client who has received hemodialysis. Which of the following assessment findings require follow-up? Select all that apply.
Explanation & Rationale
A. Lung sounds: On Day 1, lungs were clear. By Day 2 at 0700, the client has crackles in the left lower lobe and an unproductive cough. This indicates fluid moving into the lungs (pulmonary edema), suggesting the client is retaining fluid or that dialysis did not remove enough volume. B. AV fistula site assessment: Ecchymosis and warmth at the AV fistula site suggest potential trauma, hematoma formation, or infection. Any changes in the site after dialysis require prompt evaluation to prevent complications such as thrombosis or infection. C. Blood glucose level: The client’s glucose dropped to 75 mg/dL, which is at the lower end of normal. Clients with diabetes on dialysis are at risk for hypoglycemia due to fluid and nutrient shifts, requiring monitoring and possible intervention. D. Weight: Monitoring post-dialysis weight is essential to assess fluid removal. Any unexpected weight gain or inadequate fluid removal could indicate problems with dialysis effectiveness or fluid management, necessitating follow-up. E. Vital signs: The blood pressure dropped from 144/72 mm Hg pre-dialysis to 112/54 mm Hg post-dialysis, which may indicate intradialytic hypotension. Significant changes in vital signs require evaluation to prevent hypoperfusion and related complications. F. Presence of bruit and thrill: The AV fistula continues to have a palpable thrill and audible bruit, indicating patency. This is an expected finding and does not require immediate follow-up.