A nurse is caring for a client who had an anaphylactic reaction after a blood transfusion. The nurse reviews the literature to further understand the type of reaction. Which of the following information should the nurse confirm about this condition?

Choice A rationale The humoral immune response is primarily mediated by B-lymphocytes, not T-lymphocytes. B-cells differentiate into plasma cells, which produce antibodies that target specific antigens circulating in body fluids. T-lymphocytes are central to cell-mediated immunity, directly destroying infected cells or regulating other immune cells. Choice B rationale Cell-mediated immunity, primarily involving T-lymphocytes, defends against a broad range of intracellular pathogens, including viruses, fungi, parasites, and some bacteria, not exclusively viral infections. It also plays a crucial role in tumor surveillance and rejection of transplanted tissues. Choice C rationale Cell-mediated immunity involves various immune cells, but phagocytic natural killer cells are distinct. While natural killer cells are part of the innate immune system and can lyse infected or tumor cells, the core of adaptive cell-mediated immunity relies on antigen-specific T-lymphocytes (cytotoxic T cells and helper T cells). Choice D rationale Anaphylactic reactions to blood transfusions, particularly in individuals with IgA deficiency, can occur when pre-existing anti-IgA antibodies in the recipient react with IgA present in the transfused blood product. This antigen-antibody complex formation triggers mast cell degranulation and subsequent release of potent inflammatory mediators, leading to systemic anaphylaxis.