A nurse is caring for a client who had an anaphylactic reaction after a blood transfusion. The nurse reviews the literature to further understand the type of reaction. Which of the following information should the nurse confirm about this condition?

Choice A rationale The humoral immune response is primarily mediated by B-lymphocytes, which differentiate into plasma cells to produce antibodies. T-lymphocytes, on the other hand, are central to cell-mediated immunity, directly destroying infected cells or coordinating other immune cells. These distinct lymphocyte populations have specialized roles in adaptive immunity. Choice B rationale Anaphylaxis is a severe, systemic hypersensitivity reaction that can be triggered by various allergens, including foods, insect venoms, medications, and blood products, not exclusively viral infections. While the immune system generally defends against pathogens, anaphylaxis represents an exaggerated and life-threatening response to otherwise harmless substances. Choice C rationale Anaphylaxis is primarily mediated by the rapid degranulation of mast cells and basophils, releasing potent inflammatory mediators like histamine and leukotrienes. Phagocytic natural killer cells are part of the innate immune system involved in direct cytotoxicity against virally infected cells and tumor cells, and they do not play a primary role in anaphylactic reactions. Choice D rationale Anaphylaxis following blood transfusion can occur when pre-existing antibodies in the recipient react with antigens in the transfused blood. In individuals with IgA deficiency, anti-IgA antibodies can form, leading to a severe anaphylactic reaction upon exposure to IgA in transfused blood products, causing mast cell degranulation.