A nurse is caring for a client who has a new diagnosis of liver disease. Which of the following manifestations should the nurse expect?
Explanation & Rationale
Liver disease impairs bile formation and excretion, leading to accumulation of bile salts in systemic circulation. This results in cholestasis, bile salt deposition in skin, neuropathic itch stimulation, and cutaneous irritation, producing generalized pruritus that is often worse at night and without primary skin lesions. Rationale: A. Acanthosis nigricans is associated with insulin resistance and endocrine disorders such as diabetes mellitus or malignancy. It presents as hyperpigmented, velvety plaques, not as a direct manifestation of liver dysfunction. B. Night sweats are commonly associated with infectious diseases such as tuberculosis or malignancies like lymphoma. They are not a primary or characteristic finding in liver disease unless complicated by systemic infection. C. Pruritus is a classic manifestation of cholestatic liver disease due to accumulation of bile acids in the skin and circulation. This causes intense itching, often generalized, without primary rash, and is frequently worse at night. D. Hemosiderin staining occurs from chronic venous insufficiency, where iron deposition from red blood cell breakdown causes brown discoloration of lower extremities. It is unrelated to hepatic dysfunction or bile metabolism abnormalities.