A nurse is caring for a client who has diabetes mellitus and cool, clammy skin. The client begins having a seizure. Which of the following treatment s should the nurse administer?

Cool, clammy skin and seizure activity in a client with diabetes mellitus strongly suggest severe hypoglycemia. Hypoglycemia occurs when blood glucose levels fall low enough to impair normal neurological function, leading to confusion, loss of consciousness, or seizures. Immediate treatment is required to restore blood glucose and prevent permanent neurological injury. When the client cannot safely swallow, parenteral therapy is the priority intervention. A. Continuous IV infusion of regular insulin is used to treat hyperglycemia, such as in diabetic ketoacidosis or hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state. In this situation, the client is showing signs of severe hypoglycemia, and insulin would further lower blood glucose levels, worsening neurological compromise and potentially becoming life-threatening. B. Glucagon 1 mg IM is the correct treatment because it rapidly raises blood glucose by stimulating glycogen breakdown in the liver. Since the client is actively seizing and cannot safely take oral carbohydrates, intramuscular glucagon provides an immediate and safe method of correction when IV dextrose is not readily available. C. A 1 L bolus of 0.45% sodium chloride is used for fluid replacement in dehydration or hyperosmolar conditions, not for immediate treatment of hypoglycemia. It does not provide glucose and will not correct the neurological symptoms caused by low blood sugar. This would delay urgent treatment. D. Oral glucose gel can be used for mild to moderate hypoglycemia when the client is conscious and able to swallow safely. A client who is having a seizure is at high risk for aspiration, making oral administration unsafe. Parenteral treatment is required instead of oral glucose in this emergency situation.