A nurse is caring for a client who has emphysema. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect to assess in this client? (Select all that apply.)

A. Deep respirations: Clients with emphysema typically have shallow, rapid respirations due to flattened diaphragms and air trapping. They often use accessory muscles to breathe. B. Clubbing of the fingers: Chronic hypoxemia (low oxygen levels over a long period) leads to changes in the nail beds known as clubbing, where the angle of the nail base exceeds 180 degrees. C. Dyspnea: Emphysema destroys the alveoli, reducing the surface area for gas exchange. This leads to chronic shortness of breath (dyspnea), especially on exertion. D. Barrel chest: Emphysema causes air trapping (hyperinflation) because the airways collapse during expiration. Over time, the chest wall changes shape to accommodate the over-inflated lungs, increasing the anterior-posterior diameter (Barrel Chest). E. Bradycardia: The heart rate usually increases (tachycardia), not decreases, as a compensatory mechanism to improve oxygen delivery to tissues in a hypoxic state.