A nurse is caring for a client who has heart failure. The client states she has recently been bothered by a non-productive cough. Which of the following medications should the nurse associate with the non-productive cough?

A. ACE Inhibitors are correct because a common side effect of this class of medications is a persistent, dry (non-productive) cough. This occurs due to the accumulation of bradykinin and substance P in the respiratory tract. While usually not dangerous, the cough can be bothersome and may lead to switching to an angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) if severe. B. Digoxin is incorrect because digoxin’s adverse effects are usually related to toxicity, including nausea, vomiting, visual disturbances, and arrhythmias, rather than a non-productive cough. C. Beta Blockers are incorrect because their common side effects include fatigue, bradycardia, and hypotension, but they are not typically associated with causing a dry cough. D. Loop Diuretics are incorrect because loop diuretics, such as furosemide, can cause electrolyte imbalances and increased urination, but a non-productive cough is not a typical side effect.