A nurse is caring for a client who has schizophrenia. Select the 3 findings that should indicate to the nurse the client is experiencing negative symptoms related to their schizophrenia (Select all that apply)

Choice A reason: Blood pressure is a physiological vital sign and does not constitute a psychiatric symptom of schizophrenia. While certain antipsychotic medications can cause side effects such as orthostatic hypotension, the blood pressure reading itself is not a diagnostic criterion for either positive or negative symptoms of the disorder. Choice B reason: Lack of motivation, clinically referred to as avolition, is a hallmark negative symptom of schizophrenia. It involves the inability to initiate or persist in goal-directed activities. This is evidenced in the nurse's notes by the client remaining in their room and refusing to participate in therapy. Choice C reason: Change in behavior is a broad, non-specific description that could encompass both positive symptoms (like agitation or hallucinations) and negative symptoms. In clinical documentation, specific deficits must be identified rather than general behavioral shifts to accurately categorize the client's current psychiatric status and symptom profile. Choice D reason: Lack of energy, or anergia, is a common negative symptom where the client experiences a significant deficit in physical and mental vigor. This manifests as the delayed movements and excessive desire to sleep mentioned in the client's records, representing a reduction in normal functional activity. Choice E reason: Being withdrawn, or asociality, is a negative symptom characterized by a lack of interest in social interactions and environmental engagement. The client's refusal to eat, drink, or engage in conversation with the partner or staff clearly demonstrates this pathological withdrawal from social reality.