A nurse is caring for a client who has vision loss. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? (Select all that apply.)

A. The nurse should approach from the front, not the side, and identify themselves before touching or speaking to avoid startling the client. B. Very bright lighting can cause glare and worsen visual discomfort. Adequate, evenly distributed lighting is preferred. C. Maintaining consistent placement of objects and furniture promotes independence and prevents falls. Unexpected changes can cause disorientation or injury. D. Allowing additional time respects the client’s need to adapt and fosters independence. Rushing can cause frustration, accidents, or reduced self-esteem. E. The nurse should announce presence verbally first, not by touch. Unexpected physical contact may frighten the client or cause anxiety.