A nurse is caring for a client who is experiencing lack of sleep, lack of appetite, and difficulties with concentration. Which of the following types of dementia should the nurse expect this client to have?

A. HIV infection can lead to cognitive impairment known as HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND). While this can cause memory deficits, attention problems, and motor slowing, sleep disturbances, appetite changes, and early behavioral or personality changes are less specific. Therefore, HIV-related dementia is not the best fit for the symptoms described. B. Prion disease, such as Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, typically presents with rapidly progressive dementia, myoclonus, ataxia, and other neurological signs. While cognitive decline is present, sleep disturbances and appetite changes are not the hallmark early features, making this less likely. C. Traumatic brain injury (TBI) can result in post-traumatic cognitive impairments, including memory loss, attention deficits, and mood changes. However, the presentation is usually linked to a history of head trauma, and classic dementia symptoms like progressive behavioral changes or specific personality changes may not be prominent in the absence of repeated injury. D. Frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) is correct. frontotemporal dementia primarily affects the frontal and temporal lobes, leading to early changes in behavior, personality, and executive function. Symptoms often include disinhibition, apathy, loss of empathy, compulsive behaviors, poor judgment, lack of sleep, decreased appetite, and difficulty concentrating. Memory loss is often less pronounced early in the disease, making behavioral and functional changes, along with sleep and appetite disturbances, key indicators of FTLD.