A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving IV fluid therapy. For which of the following findings should the nurse monitor as an adverse effect of the IV fluid therapy?

A. Bradypnea. Slow respiratory rate is not a typical sign of fluid overload. In fact, fluid volume excess may lead to tachypnea or dyspnea as fluid accumulates in the lungs and impairs gas exchange. B. Distended neck veins. Jugular vein distention is a classic sign of fluid volume overload. It reflects increased central venous pressure and is commonly seen in clients receiving excessive IV fluids or those with heart failure. C. Weight loss. IV fluid therapy is intended to increase intravascular volume, and adverse effects are usually related to fluid retention, not loss. Weight gain, not weight loss, would indicate fluid overload. D. Bradycardia. An increased, not decreased, heart rate (tachycardia) is typically seen with fluid volume excess or in response to fluid shifts. Bradycardia is not a common adverse effect of IV fluid therapy.