A nurse is caring for a client who was admitted with acute psychosis and is being treated with haloperidol. The nurse should suspect that the client may be experiencing tardive dyskinesia when the client exhibits which of the following? (Select all that apply.)
Explanation & Rationale
A. Fine hand tremors and pill rolling: This is a symptom of Pseudoparkinsonism, an early extrapyramidal side effect (EPS), not Tardive Dyskinesia (TD). B. Facial grimacing and eye blinking: Tardive Dyskinesia (TD) is a late-onset, often irreversible side effect of long-term antipsychotic use. It typically begins with involuntary movements of the face and neck, such as excessive blinking and grimacing. C. Tongue thrusting and lip smacking: These are the classic "oro-buccal-lingual" movements associated with TD. The client may also puff their cheeks or chew continuously. D. Involuntary pelvic rocking and hip thrusting movements: TD can also affect the trunk and extremities, causing slow, twisting movements (choreoathetoid movements) or rocking. E. Urinary retention and constipation: These are anticholinergic side effects, which are common with antipsychotics but are not related to movement disorders like TD.