A nurse is caring for a client with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Which of the following is a common cause of ARDS?

Choice A reason: Motor vehicle accident trauma can cause ARDS through direct lung injury (e.g., pulmonary contusion) or indirectly via shock. Trauma triggers inflammation and alveolar damage, leading to ARDS. As a recognized cause, it contributes to the condition, making it a valid option. Choice B reason: Sepsis is a leading cause of ARDS, as systemic infection triggers widespread inflammation, damaging alveolar-capillary membranes. This results in fluid leakage and impaired gas exchange, characteristic of ARDS. Its significant role in ARDS etiology makes it a correct contributing factor. Choice C reason: Aspiration, such as gastric contents, causes chemical pneumonitis, leading to ARDS. Inhaled material triggers inflammation and alveolar injury, impairing oxygenation. As a well-documented cause, aspiration is a valid contributor, supporting its inclusion in the list of ARDS triggers. Choice D reason: All listed options—trauma, sepsis, and aspiration—are established causes of ARDS, as they initiate inflammatory cascades leading to alveolar damage. Each contributes through distinct mechanisms, making this the most comprehensive answer, accurately reflecting the multifactorial etiology of ARDS.