A nurse is caring for a female client who is postoperative and is having difficulty urinating after the removal of an indwelling urinary catheter. Which of the following techniques should the nurse teach the client to use to promote urination?

A. Stroking the lower abdomen. This technique is not a recognized method for stimulating urination. B. Performing Kegel exercises prior to urination. Kegel exercises strengthen pelvic muscles but do not directly promote urination. C. Pouring warm water over the perineum. Warm water can stimulate sensory nerves and promote relaxation of the urethral sphincter, helping to initiate urination. D. Leaning backward when sitting and attempting to urinate. The proper posture for urination is sitting upright or leaning slightly forward, not backward.