A nurse is caring for a group of clients in a mental health facility. Which of the following situations should the nurse identify as an ethical dilemma?

Choice A reason: Administering electroconvulsive therapy to a client who has declined it raises significant ethical concerns about autonomy, informed consent, and coercion. This is a classic ethical dilemma in psychiatric care. Choice B reason: Respecting a client’s request to avoid visitors is a matter of honoring their autonomy and privacy, not an ethical dilemma. Choice C reason: If a client is legally declared incompetent, treatment decisions may be made by a guardian or care team. While complex, this scenario is governed by legal frameworks and does not inherently constitute an ethical dilemma. Choice D reason: Refusing group therapy in favor of individual sessions is a treatment preference and does not present an ethical conflict.