A nurse is caring for a group of clients in a pediatric clinic. Which of the following clients is at highest risk for physical abuse?

Introduction: Child maltreatment risks are statistically higher in children with chronic disabilities or those in demanding developmental stages. Vulnerability increases when caregivers experience high stress levels, social isolation, or lack of resources required to manage the intensive daily needs of a child with complex medical conditions. A. Adolescents generally have a lower risk of physical abuse compared to younger children because they possess better verbal communication skills and physical mobility. While they face different stressors, the transition to college is a normal developmental milestone that does not typically correlate with the highest statistical risk for physical maltreatment. B. Toddlers are at high risk due to their developmental drive for autonomy, which can lead to frustrating behaviors like tantrums. When combined with a chronic illness like cystic fibrosis, which requires intensive daily chest physiotherapy and nutritional management, the increased caregiver burden significantly elevates the potential for physical abuse. C. A preteen with artistic talent does not inherently possess risk factors for physical abuse. While individual family dynamics vary, having a specific talent is generally considered a protective factor or a neutral trait. It does not impose the high-level caregiver stress seen with medical or behavioral disabilities. D. A school-age child wanting to attend summer camp is demonstrating age-appropriate social interests. This demographic typically has higher levels of independence and spends more time outside the home, which can sometimes act as a protective factor compared to younger, non-verbal children who are entirely dependent on caregivers.