A nurse is caring for a hospitalized client at risk for complications of immobility. Which of the following interventions should the nurse include to prevent complications?

Preventing complications of immobility, such as pressure injuries, muscle atrophy, and atelectasis, requires interventions that promote activity. Knowledge of physiological changes during prolonged bed rest and the benefits of upright positioning for lung expansion and circulation is essential for providing effective care. Choice A rationale . While elevating the head of the bed prevents aspiration during medication administration, it does not broadly address immobility complications like venous stasis or pressure ulcers. It is a standard safety measure for ingestion but does not substitute for active mobility interventions. Choice B rationale . Wearing a hospital gown does not physiologically impact the complications of immobility. Encouraging clients to dress in their own clothes often improves psychological well-being and motivates them to engage in physical activity, which is more effective for preventing secondary physical decline. Choice C rationale . Sitting in a chair for meals promotes upright posture, which enhances diaphragmatic excursion and improves lung volumes. This activity also shifts pressure away from the sacrum and stimulates gravity-dependent circulation, significantly reducing the risks associated with prolonged supine or semi-fowler positioning. Choice D rationale . Remaining in bed for self-care activities exacerbates the risks of immobility, such as deep vein thrombosis and skin breakdown. Nurses should encourage independence and movement during activities of daily living to maintain muscle mass, joint flexibility, and overall cardiovascular health.