A nurse is caring for a male client in the emergency department. Exhibits The nurse is planning care for this client. For each potential prescription, specify if it is anticipated or contraindicated:
Explanation & Rationale
Rationale: Place on a Low-protein diet: A low-protein diet is often prescribed in clients with hepatic encephalopathy to reduce ammonia production from protein metabolism. With an ammonia level of 150 mcg/dL and signs of chronic liver disease, this is appropriate. Daily abdominal girth measurements: This client has a distended abdomen with dullness to percussion, suggesting ascites. Measuring abdominal girth daily helps monitor fluid accumulation and response to diuretics or fluid restriction. Daily weights: Weight tracking is essential in clients with ascites or fluid imbalance, common in cirrhosis. It provides a sensitive indicator of fluid retention or loss over time. Liver biopsy: With thrombocytopenia (platelets 120,000/mm³), active GI bleeding, and coagulopathy likely due to cirrhosis, liver biopsy poses a high bleeding risk and is not appropriate in this unstable condition. Administer lactulose: Lactulose is a first-line treatment for hepatic encephalopathy. It works by trapping ammonia in the colon and promoting its excretion. This is essential given the client's elevated ammonia level and risk for mental status changes. Liver ultrasound: A liver ultrasound is a non-invasive imaging tool to evaluate liver size, structure, and presence of masses or ascites. It is safe and appropriate in this client's condition and can guide further management.