A nurse is caring for a newborn and assessing newborn reflexes. To elicit the Moro reflex, the nurse should take which of the following actions?

Choice A rationale Placing a finger at the base of the newborn's toes elicits the plantar grasp reflex. This reflex involves the curling of the toes around the examiner's finger, demonstrating intact neurological pathways originating from the spinal cord, and is distinct from the Moro reflex, which involves a startle response. Choice B rationale Turning the newborn's head quickly to one side elicits the asymmetric tonic neck reflex, also known as the "fencing reflex.”. This involves the extension of the arm on the side the head is turned and flexion of the opposite arm, reflecting brainstem-level integration. Choice C rationale Holding the newborn vertically allowing one foot to touch a flat surface elicits the stepping reflex. This reflex involves alternating steps, mimicking walking, and indicates mature neural connections in the brainstem and spinal cord. It is a primitive motor pattern. Choice D rationale Performing a sharp hand clap near the infant elicits the Moro reflex, a protective startle response. This reflex involves abduction and extension of the arms, fanning of the fingers, followed by flexion and adduction, along with a cry, indicating an intact central nervous system.