A nurse is caring for a patient admitted with recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs) who is receiving antibiotic therapy. In addition to antibiotics, which therapy should the nurse anticipate the health-care provider to order to support recovery and prevent recurrence?

Choice A rationale Immobilization through strict bed rest is generally not indicated for uncomplicated or recurrent urinary tract infections and can lead to complications like venous thromboembolism or pressure injuries. While rest helps during acute systemic illness, it does not address the underlying bacterial colonization of the urinary tract. Promoting activity within tolerance is preferred to maintain systemic circulation and prevent the stasis of bodily fluids that could lead to further health complications. Choice B rationale Urinary catheterization is often a primary cause of healthcare-associated infections and should be avoided unless there is documented urinary retention that cannot be managed non-invasively. Introducing a foreign body into the urethra provides a direct pathway for bacteria to enter the bladder, significantly increasing the risk of worsening a recurrent infection. Bladder emptying should be encouraged naturally through frequent voiding rather than via invasive procedures that bypass the body's natural defenses. Choice C rationale Increasing oral fluid intake facilitates the mechanical flushing of the urinary tract, which helps remove bacteria and inflammatory debris from the bladder mucosa. This dilution of urine also makes it less irritating to the urethral lining and reduces the concentration of pathogens. Adequate hydration supports the natural defense mechanisms of the renal system by ensuring consistent urine production and flow, which is a critical component in preventing bacterial adherence and colonization. Choice D rationale Prophylactic antiviral medications are ineffective against urinary tract infections because the vast majority of these infections are caused by bacterial pathogens such as Escherichia coli. Administering antivirals without a specific viral diagnosis is not scientifically sound and contributes to unnecessary medication side effects and potential drug interactions. Secondary viral infections are not a common complication of bacterial UTIs, so this intervention does not support recovery or prevent the recurrence of the primary bacterial issue.