A nurse is caring for a toddler who has been vomiting for the past 8 hours.Which of the following findings indicates dehydration?
Explanation & Rationale
Choice A rationaleA sunken anterior fontanel suggests reduced intracranial pressure from dehydration. Loss of extracellular fluid volume diminishes intracranial compensation mechanisms, making this a critical dehydration indicator.Choice B rationaleAn increased pulse rate compensates for reduced circulating volume due to dehydration. Tachycardia signals sympathetic nervous system activation to maintain cardiac output.Choice C rationaleDry mucous membranes result from reduced salivary gland activity caused by extracellular fluid depletion. Lack of moisture directly indicates dehydration severity.Choice D rationaleIrritability in children occurs from electrolyte imbalance and reduced perfusion during dehydration. CNS irritability often signals hypovolemia effects on neural function.