A nurse is caring for an 11-year-old child who has type 1 diabetes mellitus and receives insulin injections. The child is experiencing an altered mental status, diaphoresis, and tremors. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
Explanation & Rationale
A. Give the child a candy bar: A candy bar contains fat along with sugar, which delays absorption of glucose. In a hypoglycemic episode, the goal is to provide a rapidly absorbed carbohydrate source to quickly raise blood glucose. B. Give the child 3 to 6 oz of orange juice: Orange juice provides a fast-acting carbohydrate that is quickly absorbed, making it the most appropriate treatment for mild hypoglycemia in a conscious child. It helps correct symptoms like tremors and diaphoresis promptly. C. Administer glucagon to the vastus lateralis: Glucagon is indicated for severe hypoglycemia when the child is unconscious, unable to swallow, or having seizures. Since the child is awake with altered mental status but still able to take oral fluids, glucagon is not the first choice. D. Administer D5W intravenous fluids: IV dextrose is also reserved for severe hypoglycemia when oral intake is not possible. In this scenario, giving oral glucose is safer and less invasive since the child can still drink.