A nurse is collecting data from a 9-year-old child during a well-child visit. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?

A. Expressing conflict over independence and control is incorrect. This behavior is more characteristic of adolescents, who struggle with autonomy as they develop their identity. Nine-year-old children are still largely influenced by parents and rules. B. Demonstrating self-centered thinking is incorrect. Egocentric thinking is typical in preschool-aged children, while school-aged children develop the ability to see other perspectives and think more logically. C. Displaying emotional detachment from parents is incorrect. While school-aged children begin to form peer relationships, they typically maintain strong emotional connections with their parents rather than detaching from them. D. Grasping the concept of cause-and-effect is correct. At this stage, children develop logical thinking and an understanding of consequences, allowing them to recognize how actions lead to specific outcomes.