A nurse is collecting data from a client who has a fluid-volume deficit. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?

The fluid-volume deficit scenario requires the application of pathophysiology concepts relating to hypovolemia. Evaluating objective physical signs requires understanding how decreased intravascular volume alters hemodynamic parameters, shifts fluid distribution, triggers compensatory cardiovascular mechanisms, and affects vital signs. Choice A rationale Fluid-volume deficit causes a direct reduction in circulating intravascular volume, which reduces venous return and cardiac output. This physiological drop in volume manifests clinically as arterial hypotension and orthostatic vital sign changes. Choice B rationale Elevated body temperature or fever is an infectious or inflammatory response mediated by pyrogens acting on the hypothalamus. It is not a direct diagnostic manifestation or physiological consequence of isolated intravascular fluid volume depletion. Choice C rationale Edema represents an accumulation of excess fluid within the interstitial spaces, which typically indicates a fluid-volume excess. This sign occurs due to elevated hydrostatic pressure, fluid retention, or decreased oncotic pressure. Choice D rationale Hypertension indicates an elevated systemic arterial pressure resulting from increased vascular resistance or fluid excess. Fluid volume deficits cause the opposite hemodynamic effect, lowering systemic pressures due to depleted intravascular circulating volume..