A nurse is collecting data from a client who has macular degeneration. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?

A. Loss of central vision: Macular degeneration affects the macula, the central portion of the retina responsible for detailed vision. Clients commonly experience blurred or darkened central vision, making tasks such as reading or recognizing faces difficult, while peripheral vision is typically preserved. B. Nystagmus: Nystagmus, involuntary rhythmic eye movement, is associated with neurological disorders or congenital visual impairment, not macular degeneration. It is not an expected finding in this condition. C. Client reports sharp pain: Macular degeneration is a painless condition. Vision loss occurs gradually without associated ocular pain, distinguishing it from acute eye disorders such as glaucoma or infection. D. Astigmatism: Astigmatism is a refractive error caused by irregular curvature of the cornea or lens. It is unrelated to degeneration of the macula and does not result from or contribute to macular degeneration.