A nurse is collecting data from a client who is postoperative. Which of the following findings should the nurse identify as objective data? (Select All that Apply)

Choice A reason: Blood pressure is a measurable, verifiable clinical sign obtained through standardized instrumentation. Because it can be observed and quantified by the nurse independently of the client's perception, it is classified as objective data used to assess cardiovascular stability in the postoperative period. Choice B reason: Urine output is a quantitative measurement of renal function. Measuring 150 mL in a graduated cylinder provides a concrete, factual piece of data that can be verified by any observer. This is objective information critical for monitoring the client's fluid volume status and kidney perfusion. Choice C reason: Nausea is a subjective sensation felt only by the client. While the nurse can observe signs of nausea (such as emesis or pallor), the report of "feeling nauseated" is considered subjective data because it is based on the client's internal perception and cannot be directly measured. Choice D reason: Physical assessment findings such as swelling (edema) and increased skin temperature (warmth) are objective data. These are tangible signs that the nurse perceives through palpation and inspection. Such findings are significant in postoperative patients as they may indicate a deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Choice E reason: Pain is always a subjective experience. Even when a client uses descriptive terms like "extreme" or a numerical scale, the data is still based entirely on the client's personal feeling and self-report. It cannot be independently validated by the nurse's senses or medical equipment.