A nurse is contributing to the plan of care for a client who has delirium and is experiencing hallucinations. Which of the following interventions should the nurse recommend to include?
Explanation & Rationale
A. Place the client in restraints: Physical restraints are used only as a last resort when the client poses an immediate danger to self or others. In delirium, restraints can worsen agitation, increase confusion, and elevate the risk of injury or further cognitive decline. Nonpharmacologic de-escalation and environmental modifications are preferred initial interventions. B. Offer the client a variety of activities to choose from: Clients with delirium have impaired attention, fluctuating levels of consciousness, and reduced ability to process multiple stimuli. Providing numerous choices can increase confusion and cognitive overload. Care should focus on structured, simple activities rather than offering multiple options. C. Communicate with the client using simple, direct statements: Delirium impairs cognition, attention, and comprehension, making complex communication difficult. Using short, clear, and direct statements helps reduce misinterpretation and supports orientation. Consistent, simple communication decreases anxiety and promotes better understanding in hallucinations. D. Limit how often the client's partner can visit: Familiar individuals can provide reassurance, assist with reorientation, and decrease anxiety in clients with delirium. Restricting visits may increase confusion and agitation. Encouraging the presence of trusted family members often supports cognitive stabilization and emotional comfort.