A nurse is counseling a pregnant patient at 30 weeks gestation who is at risk for preterm delivery. The nurse explains the role of pulmonary surfactant in fetal lung maturity. Which of the following statements best demonstrates a comprehensive understanding of surfactant's production, function, and clinical significance?
Explanation & Rationale
A. surfactant actually reduces alveolar surface tension, allowing alveoli to expand more easily during inhalation and preventing collapse during exhalation, rather than increasing tension. B. Surfactant is not primarily for airway lubrication or mucus clearance. Its main role is to lower alveolar surface tension to prevent collapse and facilitate lung compliance. C. Surfactant production does not peak at 20 weeks. It begins around 24 weeks, with significant amounts produced after 32–34 weeks, which is why preterm infants are at high risk for respiratory distress syndrome. D. This statement accurately describes the timing of surfactant production, the source (type II alveolar cells), its physiological function, and its clinical significance in preventing respiratory distress in neonates.