A nurse is developing a plan of care for a client who is in the latent phase of labor. Which of the following interventions should the nurse include in the plan to manage the client's pain?

Choice A rationale Encouraging the client to listen to music is an effective non-pharmacological pain management strategy in the latent phase of labor. Music provides a distraction, promotes relaxation, and can help to reduce the perception of pain by stimulating the release of endorphins, fostering a calmer environment and coping mechanism. Choice B rationale Instructing the client on biofeedback is a complex technique that requires training and practice for effective use. While it can be beneficial, the latent phase of labor may not be the ideal time to introduce and teach a new skill like biofeedback, as the client's focus may be limited by contractions and discomfort. Choice C rationale Administering fentanyl 100 mcg every hour via intermittent intravenous bolus is a pharmacological intervention typically used for more intense pain in active labor or for clients who desire or require stronger pain relief. The latent phase is characterized by milder, less frequent contractions, making non-pharmacological methods or lower-dose analgesics more appropriate. Choice D rationale Requesting a pudendal nerve block is usually reserved for the second stage of labor, specifically for episiotomy repair or forceps delivery, rather than for pain management during the latent phase. It provides regional anesthesia to the perineum and lower vagina, not generalized pain relief for uterine contractions in early labor.