A nurse is discussing indications for urinary catheterization with a newly licensed nurse. Which of following indications should the nurse include? (Select all that apply)

A. Catheterization solely to obtain a urine specimen is not recommended because it increases the risk of catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs). For most patients, noninvasive methods such as a clean-catch midstream specimen or urine collection bag in children are sufficient and safer. Using a catheter just for convenience or routine lab work is never justified. B. Urinary retention occurs when the bladder cannot empty naturally, which may be due to obstruction, neurologic conditions, or post-operative complications. Catheterization is indicated to prevent bladder overdistention, hydronephrosis, kidney injury, and patient discomfort. In these cases, a catheter is therapeutically necessary rather than for convenience. C. For clients in palliative or hospice care, catheterization may be used to alleviate discomfort from urinary retention or incontinence. In this context, the goal is comfort rather than strict infection prevention, and intermittent or indwelling catheters can improve quality of life for the patient in their final days. D. Catheterization should never be performed for convenience, even if it simplifies care or hygiene for staff or family members. Doing so exposes the patient to unnecessary risks, including infection, trauma, and urethral injury, without providing a medical benefit. E. Catheterization may be indicated when a patient has an open perineal or sacral wound that could be contaminated by urine, as in patients with pressure injuries, surgical wounds, or trauma. The catheter helps maintain a dry wound environment, promoting healing and reducing infection risk.