A nurse is discussing restraints with a newly licensed nurse. Which of the following situations should the nurse identify as an acceptable indication for using restraints for a client?

A. Inadequate staffing ratio between clients and health care providers: This is never a justifiable reason for restraint use; it violates patient rights and ethical standards. B. Discipline for throwing chairs at staff: Restraints should never be used as punishment; they are only used to prevent harm after less restrictive measures have failed. C. Continued self-destructive behavior: Restraints may be used when a patient poses a risk to self or others, and all less restrictive interventions have been ineffective. D. Refusal to take medication: Refusal alone is not justification for restraint unless refusal leads to immediate danger and court-ordered treatment applies.