A nurse is evaluating a client's oxygen saturation reading of 97% on room air. How would the nurse interpret this result? Select all that apply

A. Since the reading is within the normal range, the client does not require immediate interventions such as supplemental oxygen or advanced respiratory support. Routine monitoring and continued assessment are sufficient unless there are other clinical signs of respiratory compromise, such as increased work of breathing, cyanosis, or altered mental status. B. An oxygen saturation below 95% is generally considered abnormal in most healthy adults, as it may indicate hypoxemia or impaired gas exchange. A reading of 97% is normal and does not indicate the presence of hypoxia or inadequate oxygen delivery. C. A SpO₂ of 97% confirms that hemoglobin in the client’s blood is adequately carrying oxygen. This is reassuring and suggests that the client’s respiratory and circulatory systems are functioning appropriately at the time of assessment. D. Pulse oximetry readings can sometimes be affected by factors such as nail polish, poor perfusion, movement, or cold extremities. While these factors can cause inaccurate readings, the scenario does not provide any evidence suggesting inaccuracy. Therefore, it is reasonable to interpret this reading as accurate unless there are other signs or symptoms that would prompt verification. E. Clients with chronic lung diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) may have baseline oxygen saturations lower than 95%. However, a reading of 97% does not indicate the presence or absence of chronic lung disease. Without additional history or clinical findings, it is not possible to infer chronic lung conditions from a single normal reading.