A nurse is giving an intramuscular injection to a newborn who was delivered at 38 weeks of gestation. Which of the following pain scales should the nurse use to assess the newborn's pain?

A. Premature Infant Pain Profile (PIPP): This scale is specifically designed for assessing pain in preterm infants and may not be suitable for a newborn delivered at 38 weeks of gestation. B. FACES pain rating scale: This scale is typically used for older children who can understand and relate to facial expressions, making it inappropriate for assessing pain in newborns. C. Visual analog scale (VAS): This scale is also not suitable for newborns, as it requires the ability to understand and interpret a continuous scale, which newborns cannot do. D. Neonatal Infant Pain Scale (NIPS): This is the most appropriate choice for assessing pain in a newborn. It evaluates indicators such as facial expression, cry, breathing patterns, and extremity movement, making it suitable for this age group and context.