A nurse is monitoring a client's lower extremity following the placement of a cast earlier in the day. Which of the following findings should the nurse identify as manifestations of compartment syndrome? (Select all that apply.)

Rationale: A. Decreased skin turgor: Decreased skin turgor is a sign of dehydration or fluid imbalance and is not related to compartment syndrome. It does not reflect changes in perfusion or nerve compression caused by increased compartment pressure. B. Sensation of tingling: Tingling or paresthesia is an early sign of nerve compression due to rising pressure within a muscle compartment. It indicates compromised nerve function and is a key symptom of evolving compartment syndrome. C. Diminished capillary refill: Delayed or diminished capillary refill suggests impaired perfusion. In a newly placed cast, this can indicate increased pressure restricting blood flow—an early and critical sign of compartment syndrome. D. Pale-colored toes: Pallor in the extremities is a sign of decreased arterial blood flow. Pale-colored toes after cast placement suggest compromised circulation, which is consistent with compartment syndrome. E. Pain relieved by analgesia: Pain that is unrelieved by analgesia especially pain out of proportion to the injury is a hallmark of compartment syndrome. Pain that is relieved by medication does not indicate compartment syndrome and may reflect expected postoperative discomfort.