A nurse is planning care for a client who requires screening for rectal cancer. Which of the following tests should the nurse anticipate in the client's plan of care?

Rationale: A. ERCP is a procedure used to diagnose and treat disorders of the bile ducts, pancreas, and gallbladder. It is not used for screening for rectal or colorectal cancer. B. Upper GI endoscopy examines the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum, not the colon or rectum. It is used for conditions such as ulcers, gastritis, or esophageal cancer, so it is not appropriate for rectal cancer screening. C. An upper GI series is a radiographic examination of the upper digestive tract using contrast (barium) to evaluate the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum. It does not assess the rectum or colon. D. A colonoscopy is the primary screening tool for rectal and colorectal cancer. It allows direct visualization of the entire colon and rectum, detection of polyps or tumors, and the ability to perform biopsies or remove polyps during the procedure. Colonoscopy is recommended for average-risk adults starting at age 45–50 and at earlier ages for those with risk factors such as family history or genetic predisposition.