A nurse is planning care for a client who requires screening for rectal cancer. Which of the following tests should the nurse anticipate in the client's plan of care?

A. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is a diagnostic procedure used to evaluate the bile ducts, pancreatic duct, and gallbladder. It is not used for detecting colorectal or rectal cancer. B. Upper endoscopy (esophagogastroduodenoscopy) examines the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum, primarily for issues such as ulcers, gastritis, or upper GI bleeding. It does not assess the colon or rectum. C. An upper GI series involves X-rays of the esophagus, stomach, and small intestine after ingestion of barium. It is used for upper digestive tract disorders and does not screen for colorectal or rectal cancer. D. Colonoscopy is the preferred screening test for rectal and colorectal cancer. During the procedure, a flexible tube with a camera is inserted through the rectum to visualize the entire colon, allowing detection of polyps, tumors, or other abnormalities. Biopsies can also be performed if suspicious lesions are found. Colonoscopy is recommended for adults starting at age 45–50, or earlier for those with increased risk factors such as family history or certain genetic syndromes.