A nurse is planning care for an older adult client who has dementia. Which of the following interventions should the nurse include in the plan of care? (Select all that apply)

Rationale: A. Reinforce orientation to time, place, and person: Regularly providing cues about the current time, location, and people helps reduce confusion and anxiety in clients with dementia. Orientation reinforcement supports cognitive functioning and promotes a sense of safety. B. Refute the client’s delusions using logic: Arguing or attempting to correct delusions can increase agitation and distress. Therapeutic communication focuses on validation and redirection rather than confrontation, making this approach inappropriate for dementia care. C. Establish eye contact when communicating with the client: Maintaining eye contact helps ensure the client’s attention and conveys engagement and respect. It enhances understanding and supports effective communication, especially when verbal comprehension may be impaired. D. Give the client one simple direction at a time: Breaking tasks into single, clear instructions reduces cognitive overload and frustration. This approach increases the likelihood that the client can follow directions and participate successfully in activities of daily living. E. Allow the client to choose among a variety of activities each day: While offering choices promotes autonomy, offering a large variety can be overwhelming for a client with dementia, leading to confusion, anxiety, and decision paralysis. The nurse should offer limited choices