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    Ati Lpn Pharmacology Proctored Exam
    Select All That Apply

    A nurse is preparing to administer digoxin to a client who has left-sided heart failure, Which of the following clinical manifestations should the nurse expect to see in this client? (Select all that apply.)

    Explanation & Rationale

    A. Orthopnea (difficulty breathing when lying flat) is a common manifestation of left-sided heart failure due to pulmonary congestion. B. Jugular vein distention is typically associated with right-sided heart failure, not left-sided. C. Tachycardia can occur in heart failure as a compensatory mechanism, but it is not a primary expected manifestation specific to left-sided failure. D. Dyspnea (shortness of breath) occurs because left-sided heart failure causes pulmonary venous congestion, leading to fluid accumulation in the lungs. E. Gastrointestinal bloating is more commonly associated with right-sided heart failure, due to systemic venous congestion affecting the liver and gastrointestinal tract.

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