A nurse is preparing to administer nalbuphine to a postoperative client who is experiencing pain. The nurse should monitor the client for which of the following potential adverse effects of this medication?

Rationale: A. Nalbuphine is an opioid agonist-antagonist. Like other opioids, it can cause central nervous system effects such as sedation, dizziness, and miosis (pupillary constriction). B. Nalbuphine does not typically affect renal function or urinary output. C. Joint pain is not an expected adverse effect of nalbuphine. D. Opioids usually cause constipation rather than diarrhea due to decreased gastrointestinal motility.