A nurse is preparing to discontinue long-term total parenteral nutrition (TPN) therapy for a client. The nurse should plan to discontinue the TPN gradually to reduce the risk of which of the following adverse effects?

Rationale: A. Constipation: Constipation is not a direct concern related to the discontinuation of TPN. It may occur for other reasons, such as changes in diet or bowel function, but it is not specifically linked to gradually discontinuing TPN. B. Hyperglycemia: Hyperglycemia can occur when starting TPN therapy due to the high glucose content, but it is not a concern when discontinuing TPN. Gradual discontinuation helps to prevent hypoglycemia rather than hyperglycemia. C. Hypoglycemia: Hypoglycemia is the major concern when discontinuing TPN. TPN provides a continuous supply of glucose, and abrupt discontinuation can cause a sudden drop in blood sugar levels. Gradual tapering of the TPN allows the body to adjust and reduces the risk of hypoglycemia. D. Diarrhea: Diarrhea is not typically an adverse effect related to the discontinuation of TPN. If diarrhea occurs, it may be related to other causes, such as changes in diet or the introduction of enteral feeding.