A nurse is providing an in-service regarding medications that can cause abstinence syndrome. Which of the following medications can cause abstinence syndrome? (Select All That Apply.).

A. Butorphanol is a mixed opioid agonist-antagonist that can cause withdrawal symptoms in opioid- dependent clients due to its partial antagonism at mu receptors. B. Buprenorphine is a partial agonist at mu receptors and can also precipitate withdrawal symptoms in individuals who are opioid-dependent. C. Oxycodone is a full agonist and does not cause withdrawal symptoms unless abruptly discontinued in opioid-dependent individuals. D. Naloxone is an opioid antagonist used to reverse opioid overdose and is unlikely to cause abstinence syndrome, although it can precipitate withdrawal in opioid-dependent clients when used.