A nurse is providing preoperative teaching for a client about coughing and deep breathing. Which of the following statements should the nurse make?

Choice A reason: Inhaling through the mouth is not the primary focus of coughing and deep breathing exercises, which emphasize deep inhalation (often through the nose) to expand alveoli. Mouth breathing may reduce efficiency, as nasal breathing filters air and optimizes lung expansion, making this an incorrect instruction for preoperative teaching. Choice B reason: Holding the breath for 5 seconds after a deep inhalation sustains lung expansion, promoting alveolar gas exchange and preventing atelectasis. This technique strengthens respiratory muscles and clears secretions, critical for postoperative recovery. It is a key component of coughing and deep breathing exercises to maintain pulmonary health. Choice C reason: Exhaling through the nose is not typically emphasized in coughing and deep breathing exercises. Effective coughing requires forceful exhalation through the mouth to expel secretions and clear airways. Nasal exhalation is less effective for this purpose, making this an incorrect instruction for preoperative pulmonary care. Choice D reason: Repeating coughing exercises every 2 hours is a general guideline, but the focus is on frequency while awake (e.g., every 1-2 hours). The exact timing depends on the client’s condition, and the technique’s effectiveness relies more on proper breathing and coughing methods, making this less critical than breath-holding.