A nurse is providing teaching to a client who is exclusively breastfeeding and has mastitis. Which of the following information should the nurse include?

Choice A rationale Mastitis is characterized by localized inflammation and edema of the breast tissue, often accompanied by erythema and a fever. Applying cool compresses (not ice) to the affected area promotes vasoconstriction, which helps to reduce capillary permeability and inflammatory exudate, thereby minimizing swelling and effectively providing analgesic relief from the throbbing pain. Choice B rationale Complete emptying of the breast is paramount for resolving mastitis, as milk stasis promotes bacterial growth (often Staphylococcus aureus). Discontinuation of breastfeeding worsens milk stasis and exacerbates the condition, potentially leading to an abscess. Continued, frequent breastfeeding or pumping on the affected side is the primary intervention. Choice C rationale Gentle massaging of the affected breast, particularly toward the nipple, is encouraged prior to and during breastfeeding or pumping. This mechanical action helps to loosen clogged milk ducts and facilitates more complete milk removal, which is essential for reducing milk stasis and accelerating the resolution of the inflammatory and infectious process. Choice D rationale A breast pump can be a highly effective tool for completely emptying the affected breast, especially if the infant is reluctant to feed due to altered milk taste (high sodium) or if the breast is too engorged for a proper latch. Using a pump augments the treatment goal of ensuring maximal milk drainage and is a recommended therapeutic intervention.