A nurse is reinforcing discharge teaching with the adult child of a client who has dementia. Which of the following statements by the client's child indicates an understanding of the teaching?
Explanation & Rationale
Introduction: Dementia involves progressive neurocognitive impairment leading to deficits in memory, orientation, and executive function. Environmental modifications focus on reducing cognitive load and providing clear, visual cues to help the client navigate their surroundings safely and maintain the highest possible level of functional independence in the home. A. Allowing a client with dementia to nap in the afternoon can disrupt the circadian rhythm and exacerbate "sundowning" or nighttime wakefulness. It is generally recommended to keep the client active during daylight hours to promote better sleep hygiene and reduce nocturnal agitation and confusion. B. Offering three or more choices at mealtime can overwhelm a client with diminished executive function. For individuals with dementia, the nurse should recommend limiting choices to two simple options to prevent "choice paralysis" and the anxiety associated with making complex decisions or processing too much information. C. Using written signs or symbols to identify rooms (e.g., "Bathroom") is an effective environmental intervention. Visual cues compensate for memory loss and impaired spatial orientation, allowing the client to find necessary areas independently and reducing the frustration and agitation associated with being lost in a familiar environment. D. Dimming the lights during the day is inappropriate as it can increase confusion and risk for falls. Adequate lighting is essential to reduce shadows, which clients with dementia may misinterpret as frightening images (illusions). Keeping the environment bright during the day also helps regulate the client's internal biological clock.